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Introduction to Python

Table of Contents

Chapter 4 - Basics of Python

  • Authors
  • Ms. Samavi Salman
  • Dr. Rao Muhammad Adeel Nawab
  • Supporting Material

Quick Recap

  • Quick Recap – Basics of Programming

In previous Chapter, I presented

  • Programming
    • Programming is defined as the process of writing Programs
  • Program
    • A Program Processes the Data according to a Set of Instructions to produce Output
  • Programmer
    • A Programmer is a person who writes Programs
  • Programming Language
    • A Programming Language is defined as a formal language comprising of rules to instruct a Computer to perform a specific Set of Operations to produce Output
  • Types of Programming Languages
    • Programming Languages can be broadly categorized into
      • Low-level Programming Languages
      • High-level Programming Languages
    • Low-level Programming Language
      • A Programming Language that corresponds directly to a specific Machine
    • Types of Low-level Programming Languages
      • Two main types of Low-level Programming Languages are
        • Machine Language
        • Assembly Language
      • Machine Language
        • A Computer Programming Language consisting of Binary or Hexadecimal instructions which a Computer can respond to directly
      • Mnemonic Code
        • A code that can be remembered comparatively easily and that aids its user in recalling the information it represents
      • Assembly Language
        • A Programming Language that consists of Instructions that are Mnemonic Codes for corresponding Machine Language Instructions
    • High-level Programming Languages
      • A Programming Language that is independent of the Machine
    • Source Code vs Machine Code
      • Source Code
        • Source Code is defined as a Program written in High Level Programming Language
      • Machine Code
        • Machine Code is defined as a Program written in Machine Language Instructions that can be executed directly by a Computer
    • Interpreter
      • An Interpreter converts (translates) a Source Code into Machine Code line-by-line
    • Compiler
      • Compiler converts (translates) a Source Code into Machine Code all at once
    • Assembler
      • An Assembler converts (translates) is a Program written in Assembly Language (Source Code) into Machine Code
    • Integrated Development Environment (IDE)
      • An Integrated Development Environment (IDE) is a Software Application that provides comprehensive facilities to Programmers for Software / Program development

A Python Program

  • A Python Program
  • In Sha Allah, to properly document the Supporting Material, I will call this part of Chapter
    • Section 01 – A Python Program
  • Python Statement
  • Definition
    • A Python Statement is a Syntactic Unit of Python Programming Language that expresses some action to be carried out
  • Note
    • A Python Statement may / may not have Internal Components (for e.g., Expressions)
  • Purpose
    • The main aim of a Python Statement is to perform a specific action
  • Examples – Python Statement
  • In Sha Allah, below I will show some Examples of Python Statements
  • Example 1 – Python Statement 
				
					print("My CGPA is: ", 3.58)
  • Example 2 – Python Statement 
				
					number = 10
  • Example 3 – Python Statement 
				
					sum = 4 + 6
  • Python Program
  • Definition
    • A Python Program is a Sequence of one or more Python Statements
  • Purpose
    • The main aim of a Python Program is to perform a specific Real-world Task
  • Nine Popular Software’s (or Applications) Developed in Python Programming Language
    • Instagram
    • Google
    • Quora
    • Reddit
    • Spotify
    • Netflix
    • Uber
    • Dropbox
    • Pinterest
  • Python Control Structures
  • Definition
    • Python Control Structures are used as a way to specify the Flow of Control in Python Programs
  • Purpose
    • The main purpose of Python Control Structures is to analyze Python Statements and choose in which direction a Python Program flows based on certain Conditions and / or Parameters
  • Importance
    • Python Control Structures help us to improve the
      • Clarity of a Python Program
      • Understandability of a Python Program
      • Readability of a Python Program
      • Logic of a Python Program
  • Python Control Structures
  • In Python Programming, three main Python Control Structures are
    • Sequential Structure
    • Selection Structure
    • Repetition Structure
  • Sequential Structure
  • Definition
    • A Sequence Structure executes a Sequence of Python Statements one by one in the Order in which they are written
  • Purpose
    • The main purpose of Sequential Structure it to
      • Execute Python Statements one by one in the Order in which they are written
  • Programming Languages based on Sequential Structures
    • Some of the popular and widely used Programming Languages which execute Programs using Sequential Structure are
      • Java
      • C
      • C++
      • Python
      • FORTRAN
      • Basic
      • PL1
      • Pascal
  • Selection Structure
  • Definition
    • A Selection Structure (a.k.a. Conditional Structure) is a feature of Python Programming Language that is used to perform different actions / tasks based on whether a specific Condition is True or False
  • Purpose
    • The main purpose of Selection Structures is
      • Decision Making and
      • Branchinge., Choosing between two or more alternative paths
  • Examples of Selection Structures in Python
    • Selection Structures used in Python Programming Language are
      • if
      • elif
      • else
  • Note
    • For details on Selection Structures
      • See Chapter 14 – Decision Making Statements in Python
  • Repetitive Programming Task
  • A Repetitive Programming Task is defined as a Programming Task in which there is little variation from one item to the next item of the Programming Task
  • Repetition Structure
  • Definition
    • A Repetition Structure is a feature of Python Programming Language that is used to perform Repetitive Python Programming Tasks
  • Purpose
    • The main purpose of Repetition Structure it to perform Repetitive Programming Task
  • Repetition Structure in Python
    • Repetition Structure of Python Programming Language are
      • for loop
      • while loop
  • Note
    • For details on Repetition Structures
      • See Chapter 15 – Loops in Python
  • Execution of a Python Program
  • Question
    • How is a Python Program executed?
  • Answer
    • A Python Program is executed (Python) Statement by (Python) Statement in the Order in which they are writtene., using Sequential Structure
  • Note
    • Since Python Program is executed using the Sequential Structure
      • The Order of Python Statements is important
  • TIP
  • In Life, we also have three Control Structures 😊
    • Sequential Structure
    • Selection Structure
    • Repetition Structure
  • Example – A Python Program
  • Task Description
    • Consider the following Python Program and answer the questions given below?
  • Questions
    • How many Python Statements are there in the following Python Program?
    • How Python Statements will be executed?
				
					print(“Allah has control over everything”)
print(“Allah gives life and He will cause death”)
print(“He is Allah other than whom there is no deity”)
Number of Python Statements
  • Number of Python Statements in the above Python Program
    • The above Python Program contains 3 Python Statements
      • Python Statement 1
        • print(“Allah has control over everything”)
      • Python Statement 2
        • print(“Allah gives life and He will cause death”)
      • Python Statement 3
        • print(“He is Allah other than whom there is no deity”)
Recall
  • A Python Program is a Sequence of one or more Python Statements
Execution of Python Statements
  • Python Statements will be executed using Sequential Structure
Order of Execution of Python Statements
  • Python Statements (in the above Python Program) will be executed in the following Order (using Sequential Structure)
    • Execute Python Statement 1
    • Execute Python Statement 2
    • Execute Python Statement 3

TODO and Your Turn​

Display Data on Output Screen

  • Important Note
  • In Sha Allah, to properly document the Supporting Material, I will call this part of Chapter
    • Section 02 – Display Data on Output Screen
  • Data
  • Definition
    • Raw Facts and Figures
  • Examples of Data
    • Videos
    • Photos
    • Audio Files
    • E-mail Messages
    • Databases
    • Names
    • Dates
    • Addresses
    • Credit Card Numbers
    • Stock information
    • Geo Location etc.
  • Types of Data
  • The four main Types of Data are
    • Text
    • Image
    • Video
    • Audio
  • Example 1 – Textual Data
  • To become a balanced and characterful personality
    • Be Happy, Keep Happy
    • Go to bed after Namaz-e-Isha (نماز عشاء)
    • Do 30 minutes brisk walk on daily basis
    • Do 30 minutes Zikar (ذکر) of Allah (الله) on daily basis
    • Offer 5 Namaz on daily basis
    • Take 3 meals of balanced diet on daily basis
    • Help at least one person (daily) for the sake of Allah (الله)
  • Remember
  • Small Things have Huge Impact 😊
  • Little Efforts Daily Will Make You the Greatest 😊
  • Example 1 – Image Data
  • Path of Image (used in this Example)
    • See jpg File in Section 02 – Display Data on Output Screen of Data Folder
  • Example 2 – Image Data
  • Path of Image (used in this Example)
    • See Allah.png File in Section 02 – Display Data on Output Screen of Data Folder
  • Example 1 – Audio Data
  • Path of Audio (used in this Example)
    • See qasida-burda-shareef.mp3 File in Section 02 – Display Data on Output Screen of Data Folder
  • Example 1 – Video Data
  • Path of Video (used in this Example)
    • See qasida-burda-shareef.mp4 File in Section 02 – Display Data on Output Screen of Data Folder
  • Information
  • Definition
    • Processed form of Data is called Information
  • Purpose
    • Information helps us to Learn
  • Example – Converting Data into Information
  • Raw Data
    • Sidra, 70, Mehwish, 80, Adeel, 90, Ayesha, 80, Imran, 70
  • Converting Data into Information
    • Organize Data in some Structured Format (for e.g., Table) to extract meaningful Information
  • Information
    • The following Table shows Raw Data organized in a Tabular Format (Structured Format)
  • Note
    • We can extract meaningful Information from the Table given below) including
      • Which Student got Highest Marks in Introduction to Python Course?
      • Which Student got Lowest Marks in Introduction to Python Course?
      • What are the average Marks in Introduction to Python Course?
Student ID
Student Name
Marks (Introduction to Python)

103

Adeel

90

102

Mehwish

80

104

Ayesha

80

101

Sidra

70

105

Imran

70

  • Displaying Data on Output Screen in Python
  • Question
    • How do we Display Data (Text, Image, Video and Audio) on the Output Screen?
  • Answer
    • To Display Data (Text, Image, Video and Audio) on the Output Screen, we mainly use various Functions
  • Function
  • Definition
    • A Function is defined as a Block of Code used to perform a specific Task
  • Note
    • For details on Functions
      • See Chapter 17 – Functions in Python
  • Types of Functions in Python
  • The two main types of Functions in Python are
    • Built-in Functions
    • User Defined Functions
  • Built-in Function
  • Definition
    • A Built-in Function is defined as a Function which functionality is pre-defined in Python Programming Language
  • Examples of Built-in Functions in Python
    • Some of the popular and widely used Built-in Functions in Python are as follows
    • print()
      • Print a Message on Output Screen
    • input()
      • Take Input from a User
    • sqrt()
      • Calculate Square Root of a Number
    • sum()
      • Calculate Sum of Numbers
    • min()
      • Get a Minimum Value from Multiple Values
    • max()
      • Get a Maximum Value from Multiple Values
    • pow()
      • Calculate Power of a Number
    • type()
      • Return Type (Data Type) of an Object
  • User Defined Functions
  • Definition
    • A User Defined Function is defined as a Function which you can define yourself in Python Programming Language
  • Module / Library
  • Definition
    • In Python Programming Language, a Module / Library is a highest-level Python Program organization unit, which is used to organize Code and Data (for reuse)
  • Note
    • In Python Programming Language, a Module / Library is simply a Python (Code) File
      • Extension of a Python (Code) File is
        • .py
      • You can use as many Module / Library as you like in a Python Program
      • One Module / Library can import another Module / Library
  • Purpose
    • The main purpose of Module / Library is to efficiently organize Python Code (and Data) for
      • Data and Code Reusability
  • Importance
    • Module / Library allow us to use the Code developed by various Expert Programmers for a wide range of Real-world Tasks, without understanding and developing the Code ourselves
      • Module / Library reduce time, effort and cost in the development of various Software’s
  • Applications
    • The main and biggest advantage of Module / Library is
      • Data and Code Organization
      • Data and Code Reusability
  • Standard Library
  • Definition
    • A Module / Library that is provided by Python (i.e., you don’t need to rewrite commands) is called Standard Library
  • How to Use various Functions of a Module / Library in Python
  • Question
    • How can we use various Functions of a Module / Library in Python?
  • Answer
    • To use various Functions of a Module / Library in Python, you need to follow a Three Step Process
      • Step 1: Install Module / Library
      • Step 2: Import Entire Module / Library (or Import Specific Function(s) of a Module / Library)
      • Step 3: Use Functions of the Module / Library
  • Note
    • You can
      • Import an entire Module / Library OR
      • Import specific Function(s) of a Module / Library
  • Important Note
  • You must install a Module / Library before using it in your Code 😊
  • How to Install a Python Module / Library
  • Question
    • How can we install a Python Module / Library?
  • Answer
    • Use pip install Command
  • Example 1 - How to Install a Python Module / Library
  • Task Description
    • Install ipython Module / Library
  • Note
    • In Python Programming Language, ipython is a toolkit which contains many tools for interactive and parallel computing in Python
  • Approach One – Installation of ipython Module / Library
    • Step 1: Open a Jupyter Notebook File
    • Step 2: In any Cell of your Jupyter Notebook File: (1) write the following Command and, (2) press Shift + Enter key or Run the command from the button given in Jupyter Notebook (as shown in the Figure below)
				
					pip install ipython
    • Step 3: When ipython Module is successfully installed a Message will be displayed on Jupyter Notebook (as shown in Figure above)
    • Step 4: After Installation, verify the Installation of ipython Module using the following Command 
				
					IPython.version_info
OR
IPython.__version__
  • Approach Two – Installation of ipython Module
    • Step 1: Open a Terminal / CMD (Command Line Prompt)
    • Step 2: On the Terminal / CMD, write the following Command and press Enter key (as shown in the Figure below)
				
					pip install ipython
    • Step 3: When ipython Module / Library is successfully installed a Message will be displayed on Terminal / CMD (as shown in the Figure below)
    • Step 4: After Installation, verify the Installation of ipython Module by typing the following Command in Terminal / CMD and pressing the Enter key 
				
					Ipython
    • Step 5: To check the version of ipython Module, type the following Command on Terminal / CMD and Press Enter key 
				
					IPython.version_info
OR
IPython.__version__
  • Example 2 - How to Install a Python Module / Library
  • Task Description
    • Install Matplotlib Module / Library
  • Note
    • In Python Programming Language, Matplotlib is a plotting Library
  • Approach One – Installation of Matplotlib Module / Library
    • Step 1: Open a Jupyter Notebook File
    • Step 2: In any Cell of your Jupyter Notebook File: (1) write the following Command and, (2) press Shift + Enter key or Run the command from the button given in Jupyter Notebook (as shown in the Figure below)
				
					pip install Matplotlib
    • Step 3: When Matplotlib Module / Library is successfully installed a Message will be displayed on your Jupyter Notebook
  • Approach Two – Installation of matplotlib Module / Library
    • Step 1: Open a Terminal / CMD (Command Line Prompt)
    • Step 2: On the Terminal / CMD, write the following Command and press Enter key 
				
					pip install Matplotlib
    • Step 3: When Matplotlib Module / Library is successfully installed a Message will be displayed on Terminal / CMS
    • Step 5: To check the version of ipython Module, type the following Command on Terminal / CMD and Press Enter key
  • Example 1 - How to Uninstall a Python Module / Library
  • Task Description
    • Uninstall ipython Module / Library
  • Approach One – Uninstalling ipython Module / Library
    • Step 1: Open a Jupyter Notebook File
    • Step 2: In any Cell of your Jupyter Notebook File: (1) write any of the two Comments given below and, (2) press Shift + Enter key
      • Note that if the Program Control moves to the Next Cell in Jupyter Notebook File, then ipython Module / Library is successfully uninstalled
				
					pip uninstall ipython –y
  • Note:
    • In Jupyter Notebook, it is mandatory to write –y with pip uninstall ipython Command
    • If you don’t write -y with pip uninstall ipython Command, then Jupyter Notebook will be stuck and ipython will not be uninstalled (see Figure below)
  • Approach Two – Uninstalling ipython Module / Library
    • Step 1: Open a Terminal / CMD (Command Line Prompt)
    • Step 2: On the Terminal / CMD: (1) write the following Command and, (2) press Enter key (as shown in Figure below)
				
					pip uninstall ipython
    • Step 3: Verify the uninstallation of ipython Module by: (1) writing the following Command on Terminal / CMD and, (2) pressing Enter key
				
					Ipython
  • Important Note
  • For Installation, we will use the Term
    • Ipython
  • For Import, we will use the Term
    • ipython
  • The Figure below shows the difference in two Terms e., Ipython and ipython
  • Examples – Importing an Entire Module / Library
  • Example 1 – Task Description
    • Write Code to import math Module / Library
				
					import math
  • Example 2 – Task Description
    • Write Code to import sys Module / Library
				
					import sys
  • Example 3 – Task Description
    • Write Code to import numpy Module / Library
				
					import numpy
  • Example 4 – Task Description
    • Write Code to import pandas Module / Library
				
					import pandas
  • Example 5 – Task Description
    • Write Code to import torch Module / Library
				
					import torch
  • Importing Specific Function(s) from a Module / Library
  • Question
    • How can we Import Specific Function(s) from a Module / Library?
  • Answer
    • The Syntax to import Specific Function(s) from a Module / Library is
				
					from MODULE_NAME import FUNCTION_NAME
  • Examples – Importing Specific Function(s) from a Module / Library
  • Example 1 – Task Description
    • Write Code to import sqrt() and factorial() Functions form the math Module / Library
				
					from math import sqrt, factorial
  • Example 2 – Task Description
    • Write Code to import randint() Function form the random Module / Library
				
					from random import randint
  • Example 3 – Task Description
    • Write Code to import dataframe() Function form the pandas Module / Library
				
					from pandas import dataframe
  • Example 4 – Task Description
    • Write Code to import array() Function form the numpy Module / Library
				
					from numpy import array
  • Example 5 – Task Description
    • Write Code to import pyplot() Function form the matplotlib Module / Library
				
					from matplotlib import pyplot
  • Example – Importing an Entire Module
  • Path of Image (used in this Example)
    • See Durood-Sharif-Card.jpg File in Chapter – 01\Data\Section 02 – Display Data on Output Screen
Completely and Correctly Understand the Task
Task Description
  • Write a Python Program which uses IPython Module to Display the following Image (Data) on the Output Screen. Note that you should import the entire Module and then use it.
Required Output
Plan and Design Solution of the Task
Input-Processing-Output
  • Input
    • Data
      • An Image
    • Instruction(s)
      • Display Image (Data) on the Output Screen
  • Output
    • An Image (displayed on the Output Screen)
  • Processing
    • Use IPython Library
Implementation in Python
Code
				
					'''
__author__   = Ms. Samavi Salman
__copyright__= Copyright (C) 2020 Ms. Samavi Salman
__license__  = Public Domain
__version__  = 1.0
'''

# Import Module
import IPython

# Input + Processing + Output

# Display Image on the Output Screen
IPython.display.Image(filename="–..\Data\Section 02 - Display Data on Output Screen\Durood-Sharif-Card.jpg", width=700, height=100)
Output of Code
Analysis, Main Findings and Conclusions
Analysis of Python Program
  • In this Python Program, I displayed an Image (Data) on the Output Screen using
    • IPython Module
Main Findings
  • Alhamdulillah, IPython Module efficiently and effectively performed my required Task i.e.,
    • Displayed an Image (Data) on the Output Screen
Conclusions
  • To conclude, our main goal e.,
    • Displaying an Image (Data) on Output Screen was successfully accomplished using IPython Library
  • Example – Importing an Entire Module
  • Path of Image (used in this Example)
    • See Durood-Sharif-Card.jpg File in Chapter – 01\Data\Section 02 – Display Data on Output Screen
Completely and Correctly Understand the Task
Task Description
  • Write a Python Program which uses IPython Module to Display the following Image (Data) on the Output Screen. Note that you should import the Image() Function of the Module and then use it.
Required Output
Plan and Design Solution of the Task
Input-Processing-Output
  • Input
    • Data
      • An Image
    • Instruction(s)
      • Display Image (Data) on the Output Screen
  • Output
    • An Image (displayed on the Output Screen)
  • Processing
    • Use IPython Library
Implementation in Python
Code
				
					'''
__author__   = Ms. Samavi Salman
__copyright__= Copyright (C) 2020 Ms. Samavi Salman
__license__  = Public Domain
__version__  = 1.0
'''

# Import Image() Function of IPython Module
from IPython.display import Image

# Input + Processing + Output

# Display Image (Data) on the Output Screen
Image(filename="–..\Data\Section 02 - Display Data on Output Screen\Durood-Sharif-Card.jpg", width=700, height=100)
Output of Code
Analysis, Main Findings and Conclusions
Analysis of Python Program
  • In this Python Program, I displayed an Image (Data) on the Output Screen using
    • Image() Function of the IPython Module
Main Findings
  • Alhamdulillah, Image () Function of the IPython Module efficiently and effectively performed my required Task i.e.,
    • Displayed an Image (Data) on the Output Screen
Conclusions
  • To conclude, our main goal e.,
    • Displaying an Image (Data) on Output Screen was successfully accomplished using Image() Function of the IPython Module
  • Most Popular and Widely Used Modules in Python
  • Some of the most popular and widely used Modules in Python are
    • NumPy
    • Requests
    • Pandas
    • TensorFlow
    • Scikit-Learn
    • Keras
    • PyTorch
    • SciPy
  • Note
  • In Sha Allah, in this Section, I will show how we can use various Functions in Python to Display Data (Text, Image, Audio and Video) on the Output Screen

Displaying Textual Data on Output Screen

  • Important Note
  • In Sha Allah, to properly document the Supporting Material, I will call this part of Chapter
    • Section 2.1 – Displaying Textual Data on Output Screen
  • Object in Real-world
  • Definition
    • In Real-world, an Object is a material thing that can be seen and touched
  • Example 1 – Object in Real-world
  • Student is an Object
    • Characteristics
      • Student ID
      • Name
      • Gender
      • Degree Program
      • CGPA
    • Behavior
      • Sleep
      • Study
      • Eat
      • Run / Walk
  • Example 2 – Object in Real-world
  • Car is an Object
    • Characteristics
      • Name
      • Color
      • Model
      • Price
      • Fuel Efficiency
    • Behavior
      • Turning
      • Braking
      • Accelerating
  • Real-world Object Representation in Object Oriented Programming (OOP)
  • In an Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) Language
    • Characteristics of a Real-world Object is
      • Represented using Variables
    • Behavior of a Real-world Object is
      • Represented using Functions / Methods
    • Note
      • Python is an Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) Language
  • Object in Python
  • Since Python is an Object-Oriented Programming Language
    • Therefore, almost everything in Python is an Object
  • Representation of Characteristics of an Object
    • In Python, Characteristics of a Real-world Object is represented with
      • Variables
    • Representation of Behavior of an Object
      • In Python, Behavior of a Real-world Object is represented with
        • Functions / Methods
  • Classification of Objects in Python
  • In Python, an Object can be classified as either
    • Mutable (Changeable)
    • Immutable (Unchangeable)
  • Examples – Mutable Objects
    • List
    • Set
    • Dictionary
  • Examples – Immutable Objects
    • Int
    • Float
    • Boolean
    • String
    • Tuple
  • Displaying Textual Data on the Output Screen
  • Question
    • How can we Display Textual Data on the Output Screen?
  • Answer
    • Use print() Built-in Function in Python
  • print() Function
  • Definition
    • The print() Function is a Built-in Function of Python Programming Language and used to Display a Python Object (mainly Text) on the Output Screen
  • Purpose
    • The main purpose of the print() Function it to print / display
      • Messages (Textual Data) on the Output Screen
  • Importance
    • The print() Function is one of the most popular and widely used Built-in Functions in Python Programming Language
  • Applications
    • A print() Function helps us to display / print
      • Different useful Messages (Text) on the Output Screen
      • Values of different Types of Constants (Integer, Float, Character and String) on the Output Screen
      • Values of different Types of Variables (Integer, Float, Character and String) on the Output Screen
      • Output Values of different Types of Expressions on the Output Screen
  • Suitable to Use
    • The print() Function is suitable to use when we want to
      • Display some useful and important Message and / or Data for the End User
      • Take Input from the End User
      • Display Results (or Output) to the End User
      • Display Exceptions (Errors) on the Output Screen
  • Syntax – print() Function
  • The Syntax of print() Function is as follows
				
					print(object(s), sep = separator, end = end)
  • Recall
    • The main purpose of the print() Function is to display / print a
      • a specified Message to the Output Screen
  • In above Syntax, object(s) refers to
    • Message (to be displayed / printed on the Output Screen), which can be a
      • String or
      • any other object
  • Important Note
    • In print() Function, object(s) will be converted into a
      • String before displaying / printing on the Output Screen
  • Parameters – print() Function
Parameter Name
Description
Default Value
Status
object(s) One or more objects(s). Note that all objects will be converted to String before displaying them on the Output Screen   Mandatory
end = ‘end’ Use to specify what to print at the end of the object(s) that are converted to String before displaying on the Output Screen \n Optional
sep Use to specify how to separate the objects, if there are more than one object. ‘ ‘ Optional
  • Important Note
  • By default, in a print() Python Statement, the last Character is \n (which moves the Program Control to the Next Line)
  • Print Message(s) on Output Screen using print() Function
  • In Sha Allah, in the next Slides, I will show how we can print / display Message(s) on the Output Screen using print() Function in various languages (Arabic, Urdu and English)
  • Example 1 – Displaying Textual Data on Output Screen
Completely and Correctly Understand the Task
Task Description
  • Write a Program in Python which prints the name of Creator of Heaven and Earth on the Output Screen.
Required Output                                                                              

Creator of Heaven and Earth is: Allah

Plan and Design Solution to the Task
Input-Processing-Output
  • Input
    • Data
      • A Text (Name of Creator)
    • Instruction
      • Display Text (Name of Creator) on the Output Screen
  • Output
    • Textual Data (Name of Creator) displayed on the Output Screen
  • Processing
    • Use print() Built-in Function
Implementation in Python
Code
				
					'''
__author__   = Ms. Samavi Salman
__copyright__= Copyright (C) 2020 Ms. Samavi Salman
__license__  = Public Domain
__version__  = 1.0
'''

# Input + Processing + Output

print("Creator of Heaven and Earth is: Allah")
				
			
				
					Creator of Heaven and Earth is: Allah
Analysis, Main Findings and Conclusions
Analysis of Python Program
  • In this Python Program, I printed Name of Creator of Heaven and Earth (i.e., Allah) on the Output Screen using
    • print() Function
Findings
  • Alhamdulillah, print() Function efficiently and effectively performed my required Task i.e.,
    • printed Name of Creator of Heaven and Earth (i.e., Allah) on the Output Screen
Conclusion
  • To conclude, our main goal i.e.,
    • Displaying Textual Data on the Output Screen was successfully accomplished using print() Function
  • Example 2 – Displaying Textual Data on Output Screen
Completely and Correctly Understand the Task
Task Description
  • Write a Program in Python which prints the name of Last Messenger of Allah (who is role model for all of us in all walks of life) on the Output Screen.
Required Output                                                                              

The Last Messenger of Allah and Role Model for all of us in all Walks of Life is: Hazrat Muhammad S.A.W.W.

Plan and Design Solution to the Task
Input-Processing-Output
  • Input
    • Data
      • Text (Name of Last Messenger of Allah)
    • Instruction
      • Display Text (Name of Last Messenger of Allah) on the Output Screen
  • Output
    • A Text (Name of Last Messenger of Allah) displayed on the Output Screen
  • Processing
    • Use print() Built-in Function
Implementation in Python
Code

 

				
					'''
__author__   = Ms. Samavi Salman
__copyright__= Copyright (C) 2020 Ms. Samavi Salman
__license__  = Public Domain
__version__  = 1.0
'''

# Input + Processing + Output

print("The Last Messenger of Allah and Role Model for all of us in all Walks of Life is: Hazrat Muhammad S.A.W.W.")
				
			
				
					The Last Messenger of Allah and Role Model for all of us in all Walks of Life is: Hazrat Muhammad S.A.W.W.
Analysis, Main Findings and Conclusions
Analysis of Python Program
  • In this Python Program, I printed the name of Last Messenger of Allah (i.e., Hazrat Muhammad (S.A.W.W.)) on the Output Screen using
    • print() Function
Findings
  • Alhamdulillah, print() Function efficiently and effectively performed my required Task i.e.,
    • printed the name of Last Messenger of Allah (i.e., Hazrat Muhammad (S.A.W.W.)) on the Output Screen
Conclusion
  • To conclude, our main goal i.e.,
    • Displaying Textual Data on the Output Screen was successfully accomplished using print() Function
  • Example 3 – Displaying Textual Data on Output Screen
Completely and Correctly Understand the Task
Task Description
  • Write a Program in Python which prints the name of Father and Mother of our beloved Prophet (i.e., Hazrat Muhammad S.A.W.W) on the Output Screen.
Required Output

Hazrat Abdullah and Hazrat Amna

Plan and Design Solution to the Task
Input-Processing-Output
  • Input
    • Data
      • A Text (name of Father and Mother of our beloved Prophet Hazrat Muhammad (S.A.W.W.))
    • Instruction
      • Display Text (name of Father and Mother of our beloved Prophet Hazrat Muhammad (S.A.W.W.)) on the Output Screen
  • Output
    • A Text (Name of Father and Mother of our beloved Prophet Hazrat Muhammad (S.A.W.W.)) displayed on the Output Screen
  • Processing
    • Use print() Built-in Function
Implementation in Python
Code
				
					'''
__author__   = Ms. Samavi Salman
__copyright__= Copyright (C) 2020 Ms. Samavi Salman
__license__  = Public Domain
__version__  = 1.0
'''

# Input + Processing + Output

print("Hazrat Abdullah and Hazrat Amna")
				
			
				
					Hazrat Abdullah and Hazrat Amna
Analysis, Main Findings and Conclusions
Analysis of Python Program
  • In this Python Program, I printed name of Father and Mother of our beloved Prophet Hazrat Muhammad (S.A.W.W.) (i.e., Hazrat Abdullah and Hazrat Amna) on the Output Screen using
    • print() Function
Findings
  • Alhamdulillah, print() Function efficiently and effectively performed my required Task i.e.,
    • printed Name of Father and Mother of our beloved Prophet Hazrat Muhammad (S.A.W.W.) (i.e., Hazrat Abdullah and Hazrat Amna) on the Output Screen
Conclusion
  • To conclude, our main goale.,
    • Displaying Textual Data on the Output Screen was successfully accomplished using print() Function

Escape Sequences

  • Important Note
  • In Sha Allah, to properly document the Supporting Material, I will call this part of Chapter
    • Section 03 – Escape Sequences
  • Recap – print() Function
  • In previous Section, we used the print() Function to display Text (Sequence of Characters) on the Output Screen
  • Question
    • How can we add Special Characters and handle complex Formatting using print() Function?
  • Answer
    • Use Escape Sequences
  • Escape Sequences
  • Definition
    • An Escape Sequence is defined using a combination of Two Characters, where
      • First Character is a Backslash \ and
      • Second Character is a Letter
  • Purpose
    • The main purpose of the Escape Sequences is to
      • add Special Characters and
      • handle complex Formatting
  • Importance
    • Without Escape Sequences it will not be possible to properly Display Data (Text, Image, Audio and Video) on the Output Screen
  • Applications
    • Escape Sequences help us to
      • Display Data (Text, Image, Audio and Video) with high quality Formatting, on the Output Screen, which increases the understandability of a Program
      • Display Complex Data (for e.g., Equations) on the Output Screen
  • Main Escape Sequences in Python
  • In Python Code, Character \ and Character(s) following it are replaced with
    • A Single Character
  • Some of the popular and widely used Escape Sequences of Python Programming Language are as follows
    • New Line (\n)
      • In Python Code, Two Characters \n is replaced with
        • Newline Character
    • Tab (\t)
      • In Python Code, Two Characters \t is replaced with
        • Tab Character
    • Carriage Return (\r)
      • In Python Code, Two Characters \r is replaced with
        • Resets a Cursor to the Beginning of a Line of Text
    • Single Quote (\‘)
      • In Python Code, Two Characters \’ is replaced with
        • ‘
    • Double Quotes (\“)
      • In Python Code, Two Characters \” is replaced with
        • “
    • Backslash (\\)
      • In Python Code, Two Characters \\ is replaced with
        • \
    • Triple Quotes (\“””)
      • In Python Code, Two Characters \“”” is replaced with
        • “””
  • Note
  • In Sha Allah, in the next Section, I will explain the working of the following Escape Sequences with Examples

Using \n Escape Sequence in print() Function

  • Note
  • In Sha Allah, to properly document the Supporting Material, I will call this part of Chapter
    • Section 3.1 – Using \n Escape Sequence in print() Function
  • Example 1 - Using \n Escape Sequence in print() Function
Completely and Correctly Understand the Task
Task Description
  • Write a Python Program which displays the following Text on the Output Screen using \n Escape Sequence.
Required Output

Allah is One.

Allah created us.

Allah has control over everything.

Plan and Design Solution to the Task
Input-Processing-Output
  • Input
    • Data
      • A Multi-line Text
    • Instruction(s)
      • Display Multi-line Text on the Output Screen
  • Output
    • Multi-line Text (displayed on the Output Screen)
  • Processing
    • Use \n Escape Sequence in print() Function
Implementation in Python
Code

 

				
					'''
__author__   = Ms. Samavi Salman
__copyright__= Copyright (C) 2020 Ms. Samavi Salman
__license__  = Public Domain
__version__  = 1.0
'''

# Input + Processing + Output

# \n Escape Sequence moves Cursor to the Newline
print("Allah is One.\nAllah created us.\nAllah has control over everything.")
				
			
				
					Allah is One.
Allah created us.
Allah has control over everything.
Analysis, Main Findings and Conclusions
Analysis of Python Program
  • In this Python Program, I displayed a Multi-line Text on the Output Screen using
    • \n Escape Sequence and print() Function
Findings
  • Alhamdulillah, print() Function and \n Escape Sequence efficiently and effectively performed my required Task i.e.,
    • Displaying a Multi-line Text on the Output Screen
Conclusion
  • To conclude, our main goal i.e.,
    • Displaying a Multi-line Text on the Output Screen was successfully accomplished using print() Function and \n Escape Sequence
  • Example 2 - Using \n Escape Sequence in print() Function
Completely and Correctly Understand the Task
Task Description
  • Write a Python Program which displays the following Multi-line Text on the Output Screen using \n Escape Sequence.
Required Output

Allah is One.

 

Allah created us.

 

Allah has control over everything.

Plan and Design Solution to the Task
Input-Processing-Output
  • Input
    • Data
      • A Multi-line Text
    • Instruction(s)
      • Display Multi-line Text on the Output Screen
  • Output
    • Multi-line Text (displayed on the Output Screen)
  • Processing
    • Use \n Escape Sequence in print() Function
Implementation in Python
Code
				
					'''
__author__   = Ms. Samavi Salman
__copyright__= Copyright (C) 2020 Ms. Samavi Salman
__license__  = Public Domain
__version__  = 1.0
'''
# Input + Processing + Output

# \n Escape Sequence moves Cursor to the Newline
print("Allah is One.\n\nAllah created us.\n\nAllah has control over everything.")
				
			
				
					Allah is One.

Allah created us.

Allah has control over everything.
Analysis, Main Findings and Conclusions
Analysis of Python Program
  • In this Python Program, I displayed a Multi-line Text on the Output Screen using
    • \n Escape Sequence and print() Function
Findings
  • Alhamdulillah, print() Function and \n Escape Sequence efficiently and effectively performed my required Task i.e.,
    • Displaying a Multi-line Text on the Output Screen
Conclusion
  • To conclude, our main goal i.e.,
    • Displaying a Multi-line Text on the Output Screen was successfully accomplished using print() Function and \n Escape Sequence
  • Example 3 - Using \n Escape Sequence in print() Function
Completely and Correctly Understand the Task
Task Description
  • Write a Python Program which displays the following Multi-line Text on the Output Screen using \n Escape Sequence.
Required Output

Allah is One.

 

 

Allah created us.

 

 

Allah has control over everything.

Plan and Design Solution to the Task
Input-Processing-Output
  • Input
    • Data
      • A Multi-line Text
    • Instruction(s)
      • Display Multi-line Text on the Output Screen
  • Output
    • Multi-line Text (displayed on the Output Screen)
  • Processing
    • Use \n Escape Sequence in print() Function
Implementation in Python
Code

 

				
					'''
__author__   = Ms. Samavi Salman
__copyright__= Copyright (C) 2020 Ms. Samavi Salman
__license__  = Public Domain
__version__  = 1.0
'''

# Input + Processing + Output

# \n Escape Sequence moves Cursor to the Newline

print("Allah is One.\n\n\nAllah created us.\n\n\nAllah has control over everything.")
				
			
				
					Allah is One.


Allah created us.


Allah has control over everything.
Analysis, Main Findings and Conclusions
Analysis of Python Program
  • In this Python Program, I displayed a Multi-line Text on the Output Screen using
    • \n Escape Sequence and print() Function
Findings
  • Alhamdulillah, print() Function and \n Escape Sequence efficiently and effectively performed my required Task i.e.,
    • Displaying a Multi-line Text on the Output Screen
Conclusion
  • To conclude, our main goal i.e.,
    • Displaying a Multi-line Text on the Output Screen was successfully accomplished using print() Function and \n Escape Sequence

Using \t Escape Sequence in print() Function

  • Important Note
  • In Sha Allah, to properly document the Supporting Material, I will call this part of Chapter
    • Section 3.2 – Using \t Escape Sequence in print() Function
  • Example 1 – Using \t Escape Sequence in print() Function
Completely and Correctly Understand the Task
Task Description
  • Write a Python Program which displays the following Text on the Output Screen using \t Escape Sequence.
Required Output

Allah is One.     Allah created us.     Allah has control over everything.

Plan and Design Solution to the Task
Input-Processing-Output
  • Input
    • Data
      • Text
    • Instruction(s)
      • Display Text on the Output Screen
  • Output
    • Text (displayed on the Output Screen)
  • Processing
    • Use \t Escape Sequence and print() Function
Implementation in Python
Code

 

				
					'''
__author__   = Ms. Samavi Salman
__copyright__= Copyright (C) 2020 Ms. Samavi Salman
__license__  = Public Domain
__version__  = 1.0
'''

# Input + Processing + Output

# \t Escape Sequence adds 4 spaces before the Text 
# By default 1 Tab = 4 Spaces

print("Allah is One.\tAllah created us.\tAllah has control over everything.")
				
			
				
					Allah is One.     Allah created us.     Allah has control over everything.
Analysis, Main Findings and Conclusions
Analysis of Python Program
  • In this Python Program, I displayed Text on the Output Screen using
    • \t Escape Sequence and print() Function
Findings
  • Alhamdulillah, print() Function and \t Escape Sequence efficiently and effectively performed my required Task i.e.
    • Displayed a Text on Output Screen
Conclusion
  • To conclude, our main goal i.e.,
    • Displaying Text on the Output Screen was successfully accomplished using print() Function and \t Escape Sequence
  • Example 2 – Using \t Escape Sequence in print() Function
Completely and Correctly Understand the Task
Task Description
  • Write a Python Program which displays the following Text on the Output Screen using \t Escape Sequence.
Required Output

Hazrat Muhammad S.A.W.W. is the last Messenger of Allah.     He is role model for us in all walks of life.     May Allah bless us with love of Hazrat Muhammad S.AW.W.     Ameen

Plan and Design Solution to the Task
Input-Processing-Output
  • Input
    • Data
      • Text
    • Instruction(s)
      • Display Text on the Output Screen
  • Output
    • Text (displayed on the Output Screen)
  • Processing
    • Use \t Escape Sequence and print() Function
Implementation in Python
Code

 

				
					'''
__author__   = Ms. Samavi Salman
__copyright__= Copyright (C) 2020 Ms. Samavi Salman
__license__  = Public Domain
__version__  = 1.0
'''

# Input + Processing + Output

# \t Escape Sequence adds 4 spaces before the Text 
# By default 1 Tab = 4 Spaces

print("Hazrat Muhammad S.A.W.W. is the last Messenger of Allah. \tHe is role model for us in all walks of life.\tMay Allah bless us with love of Hazrat Muhammad S.AW.W.\tAmeen")
				
			
				
					Hazrat Muhammad S.A.W.W. is last Messenger of Allah.     He is role model for us in all walks of life.     May Allah us bless us with love of Hazrat Muhammad S.AW.W.     Ameen
Analysis, Main Findings and Conclusions
Analysis of Python Program
  • In this Python Program, I displayed Text on the Output Screen using
    • \t Escape Sequence and print() Function
Findings
  • Alhamdulillah, print() Function and \t Escape Sequence efficiently and effectively performed my required Task i.e.
    • Displayed a Text on Output Screen
Conclusion
  • To conclude, our main goal i.e.,
    • Displaying Text on the Output Screen was successfully accomplished using print() Function and \t Escape Sequence

Using \’, \”, \”””, \n and \t Escape Sequence in print() Function

  • Important Note
  • In Sha Allah, to properly document the Supporting Material, I will call this part of Chapter
    • Section 3.3 – Using \’, \”, \”””, \n and \t Escape Sequence in print() Function
  • Example 1 - Using \’, \”, \”””, \n and \t Escape Sequence in print() Function
Completely and Correctly Understand the Task
Task Description
  • Write a Python Program which displays the following Text on the Output Screen using print() Function and various Escape Sequences.
Required Output

“Allah is One.”        ‘Allah created us.’

”’Allah has control over everything.”’

”’Allah loves those who love the humanity for Raza of Allah.”’

Plan and Design Solution to the Task
Input-Processing-Output
  • Input
    • Data
      • Text
    • Instruction(s)
      • Display Text on the Output Screen
  • Output
    • Text (displayed on the Output Screen)
  • Processing
    • Use \’, \”, \”””, \n, \t and print() Function
Implementation in Python
Code

 

				
					'''
__author__   = Ms. Samavi Salman
__copyright__= Copyright (C) 2020 Ms. Samavi Salman
__license__  = Public Domain
__version__  = 1.0
'''

# Input + Processing + Output

print('"Allah is One."' "\t" "'Allah created us.'" "\n" "'''Allah has control over everything.'''" "\n" "'''"'''Allah loves those who love the humanity for Raza of Allah.'''"'''")
				
			
				
					"Allah is One."	'Allah created us.'
'''Allah has control over everything.'''
'''Allah loves those who love the humanity for Raza of Allah.'''
Analysis, Main Findings and Conclusions
Analysis of Python Program
  • In this Python Program, I displayed Text on the Output Screen using
    • \’, \”, \”””, \n, \t and print() Function
Findings
  • Alhamdulillah, print() Function and \’, \”, \”””, \n and \t Escape Sequences efficiently and effectively performed my required Task i.e.
    • Displayed a Text on Output Screen
Conclusion
  • To conclude, our main goal i.e.,
    • Displaying Text on the Output Screen was successfully accomplished using print() Function and \’, \”, \”””, \n and \t Escape Sequences
  • Example 2 - Using \’, \”, \”””, \n and \t Escape Sequence in print() Function
Completely and Correctly Understand the Task
Task Description
  • Write a Python Program which displays the following Text on the Output Screen using print() Function and various Escape Sequences.
Required Output

“Hazrat Muhammad S.A.W.W. is the last Messenger of Allah. “

‘He’s role model for us in all walks of life.’   ”’May Allah bless us with love of Hazrat Muhammad S.AW.W.”’           ”’Ameen”’

Plan and Design Solution to the Task
Input-Processing-Output
  • Input
    • Data
      • Text
    • Instruction(s)
      • Display Text on the Output Screen
  • Output
    • Text (displayed on the Output Screen)
  • Processing
    • Use \’, \”, \”””, \n, \t and print() Function
Implementation in Python
Code
				
					'''
__author__   = Ms. Samavi Salman
__copyright__= Copyright (C) 2020 Ms. Samavi Salman
__license__  = Public Domain
__version__  = 1.0
'''

# Input + Processing + Output

print('"Hazrat Muhammad S.A.W.W. is the last Messenger of Allah. "' "\n" "'He’s role model for us in all walks of life.'" "\t" "'''May Allah bless us with love of Hazrat Muhammad S.AW.W.'''" "\t" "'''"'''Ameen'''"'''")
				
			
				
					"Hazrat Muhammad S.A.W.W. is the last Messenger of Allah. "
'He’s role model for us in all walks of life.'	'''May Allah bless us with love of Hazrat Muhammad S.AW.W.'''	'''Ameen'''
Analysis, Main Findings and Conclusions
Analysis of Python Program
  • In this Python Program, I displayed Text on the Output Screen using
    • \’, \”, \”””, \n, \t and print() Function
Findings
  • Alhamdulillah, print() Function and \’, \”, \”””, \n and \t Escape Sequences efficiently and effectively performed my required Task i.e.
    • Displayed a Text on Output Screen
Conclusion
  • To conclude, our main goal i.e.,
    • Displaying Text on the Output Screen was successfully accomplished using print() Function and \’, \”, \”””, \n and \t Escape Sequences

TODO and Your Turn

Chapter Summary

  • Chapter Summary

In this Chapter, I presented the following main concepts:

  • Python Statement
    • A Python Statement is a Syntactic Unit of Python Programming Language that expresses some action to be carried out
  • Python Program
    • A Python Program is a Sequence of one or more Python Statements
  • Python Control Structures
    • Python Control Structures are used as a way to specify the Flow of Control in Python Programs
    • In Python Programming, three main Python Control Structures are
      • Sequential Structure
      • Selection Structure
      • Repetition Structure
    • Sequential Structure
      • A Sequence Structure executes a Sequence of Python Statements one by one in the Order in which they are written
    • Selection Structure
      • A Selection Structure (a.k.a. Conditional Structure) is a feature of Python Programming Language that is used to perform different actions / tasks based on whether a specific Condition is True or False
    • Repetition Structure
      • A Repetition Structure is a feature of Python Programming Language that is used to perform Repetitive Python Programming Tasks
    • Data
      • Raw Facts and Figures
    • Information
      • Processed form of Data is called Information
    • Function
      • A Function is defined as a Block of Code used to perform a specific Task
    • Built-in Function
      • A Built-in Function is defined as a Function which functionality is pre-defined in Python Programming Language
    • User Defined Functions
      • A User Defined Function is defined as a Function which you can define yourself in Python Programming Language
    • Module / Library
      • In Python Programming Language, a Module / Library is a highest-level Python Program organization unit, which is used to organize Code and Data (for reuse)
    • Standard Library
      • A Module / Library that is provided by Python (i.e., you don’t need to rewrite commands) is called Standard Library
    • Object in Real-world
      • In Real-world, an Object is a material thing that can be seen and touched
    • print() Function
      • The print() Function is a Built-in Function of Python Programming Language and used to Display a Python Object (mainly Text) on the Output Screen
    • Escape Sequences
      • An Escape Sequence is defined using a combination of Two Characters, where
        • First Character is a Backslash \ and
        • Second Character is a Letter
      • Some of the popular and widely used Escape Sequences of Python Programming Language are as follows
        • New Line (\n)
          • In Python Code, Two Characters \n is replaced with
            • Newline Character
          • Tab (\t)
            • In Python Code, Two Characters \t is replaced with
              • Tab Character
          • Carriage Return (\r)
            • In Python Code, Two Characters \r is replaced with
              • Resets a Cursor to the Beginning of a Line of Text
          • Single Quote (\‘)
            • In Python Code, Two Characters \’ is replaced with
              • ‘
          • Double Quotes (\“)
            • In Python Code, Two Characters \” is replaced with
              • “
          • Backslash (\\)
            • In Python Code, Two Characters \\ is replaced with
              • \
          • Triple Quotes (\“””)
            • In Python Code, Two Characters \“”” is replaced with
              • “””

In Next Chapter

  • In Next Chapter
  • In Sha Allah, in the next Chapter, I will present a detailed discussion on
  • Constants in Python
Chapter 3 - Basics of Programming​
Chapter 5 - Constants in Python
  • Comparing Example 1 vs Example 2 vs Example 3
Example 1 – Expression is 7 + 10
  • In Example 1 – Expression is 7 + 10
    • Both Operands are Integer Constants 
      • Operand 01
        • 7
      • Operand 02
        • 10
    • Output Value – Returned by Expression is an Integer Constant
      • 17
Example 2 – Expression is number1 + 5
  • In Example 2 – Expression is number1 + 5
    • First Operand is an Integer Variable and Second Operand is an Integer Constant 
    • Operand 01
      • number1
    • Operand 02
      • 5
  • Output Value – Returned by Expression is an Integer Constant
    • 15
Example 3 – Expression is number1 + number2
  • In Example 3 – Expression is number1 + number2
    • First Operand is a Float Variable and Second Operand is also a Float Variable 
      • Operand 01
        • number1
      • Operand 02
        • number2
    • Output Value – Returned by Expression is a Float Constant
      • 5.2
Analysis
  • Analysis and Main Finding 
    • Finding 01
      • In all three Examples (Example 1, Example 2 and Example 3), Expression either returned an
        • Integer Value (Constant) or 
      • Float Value (Constant)
Conclusion
  • These Examples indicate that Expression always returns an 
    • Output Value 
  • Comparing Example 1 vs Example 2 vs Example 3
Example 1 – Expression is 7 + 10
  • In Example 1 – Expression is 7 + 10
    • Both Operands are Integer Constants 
      • Operand 01
        • 7
      • Operand 02
        • 10
    • Output Value – Returned by Expression is an Integer Constant
      • 17
Example 2 – Expression is number1 + 5
  • In Example 2 – Expression is number1 + 5
    • First Operand is an Integer Variable and Second Operand is an Integer Constant 
    • Operand 01
      • number1
    • Operand 02
      • 5
  • Output Value – Returned by Expression is an Integer Constant
    • 15
Example 3 – Expression is number1 + number2
  • In Example 3 – Expression is number1 + number2
    • First Operand is a Float Variable and Second Operand is also a Float Variable 
      • Operand 01
        • number1
      • Operand 02
        • number2
    • Output Value – Returned by Expression is a Float Constant
      • 5.2
Analysis
  • Analysis and Main Finding 
    • Finding 01
      • In all three Examples (Example 1, Example 2 and Example 3), Expression either returned an
        • Integer Value (Constant) or 
      • Float Value (Constant)
Conclusion
  • These Examples indicate that Expression always returns an 
    • Output Value 
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