Introduction to Python

September 7, 2022

Chapter 23 - Break and Continue Statements

Quick Recap

In previous Chapter, I presented

Real-world Repetitive Task
- Definition
  - A Real-world Repetitive Task is made up of a set of action(s) that are repeated over and over again (and may involve small variations in each iteration)
- Purpose
  - The main purpose of a Real-world Repetitive Task is to
    - Break a big Real-world Task into several (very similar) Sub-tasks and repeat a set of actions(s) over and over again on Sub-tasks to complete the big Real-world Task
Iteration
- Definition
  - Iteration is defined as the repetition of a set of action(s) to produce an Outcome (or Result).
Types of Real-world Repetitive Tasks
- The Two Main Types of Real-world Repetitive Tasks are
  - Real-world Repetitive Tasks with Fixed Number of Iterations
  - Real-world Repetitive Tasks with Variable Number of Iterations
Repetitive Programming Task
- A Repetitive Programming Task is defined as a Programming Task in which there is little variation from one item to the next item of the Programming Task
Types of Repetitive Programming Task
- The Two Main Types of Repetitive Programming Tasks are
  - Repetitive Programming Task with Fixed Number of Iterations
  - Repetitive Programming Task with Variable Number of Iterations
Menu Driven Program
- Definition
  - A Menu Driven Program is a Program which takes Input from a User by displaying a Menu (i.e., a List of Options (Choices)) and the User indicates his / her Choice form the given Menu
Repetition Structure
- Definition
  - A Repetition Structure (a.k.a. Loop) is a feature of Python Programming Language that is used to perform Repetitive Python Programming Tasks
- Purpose
  - The main purpose of Repetition Structure it to perform Repetitive Programming Tasks
Four Main Components of a Loop (Repetition Structure)
- In Python Programming, the Four Main Components of a Loop are
  - Initialization
  - Condition (Test)
  - Body of Loop
  - Increment / Decrement
while Loop
- Definition
- In Python Programming, a while loop is used to execute a Set of Python Statements (i.e., Perform a Repetitive Programming Task) if a Condition is True
Purpose
- The main purpose of while Loop is to
  - Perform Repetitive Programming Tasks
for Loops
- Definition
  - The for loop in Python is used to iterate the statements or a part of the program several times
- Purpose
  - The for loop is a generic sequence iterator in Python: it can step through the items in any ordered sequence objects

Continue Statement in Python

Definition
- The continue statement causes an immediate jump to the top of a loop. It also sometimes lets you avoid statement nesting
Purpose
- The main purpose of Continue is also a loop control statement
  - it forces to execute the next iteration of the loop
Importance
- Continue statement forces the loop to continue or execute the next iteration.
- When the continue statement is executed in the loop, the code inside the loop following the continue statement will be skipped and the next iteration of the loop will begin
Suitable to Use
- continue statement continues to the next iteration. It skips back to the start of the loop. We use the continue statement where we need it inside the code block

Plan and Design Solution to the Repetitive Programming Task

Identify Input-Processing-Output

Input
- Data
  - First Five Odd Numbers, i.e.

1

3

5

7

9

- Instruction(s)
  - Display the First Five Odd Numbers on the Output Screen
Output

1

3

5

7

9

Processing
- Use a Repetition Structure (In Sha Allah, we will use the While Loop)

Write Down the Algorithm for the Proposed Solution (i.e., Software) to Solve the Repetitive Programming Task

SET number = 0

WHILE number is less than 10

INCREMENT number by +1

IF number % 2 == 0

CONTINUE

PRINT number

EndWhile

Use Algorithm Description (Step 6.2) to Write Pseudo Code for Software to be Developed

Step 01: START
Step 02: Initialize Variable
- Step 2.1: INIT – number = 0
Step 03: WHILE number < 10:
- Step 3.1: INCREMENT – number by +1
- Step 3.2: IF number % 2 == 0
  - Step 3.2.1: CONTINUE
- Step 3.3: DISPLAY – number
ENDWHILE
Step 04: STOP

Design and Draw Flow Chart(s) for Software to be Developed (based on Step 6.3)

Suitable Programming Environment to Write Software (Code)

				
					'''
Program Details
__author_                 = Ms. Samavi Suleman
__copyright__             = Copyright (C) 2020 Ms. Samavi Suleman
__license__               = Public Domain
__program__name__         = Display First Five Odd Numbers
__program__version__      = 1.1
__programing__language__  = python 3.8.3
__operating__system__     = Ubuntu 18.04.1 LTS 64 bit 
                            Operating System
__IDE __                  = jupyter__notebook 5.5.0
___Start__Date__          = 18-05-2021	
____End__Date___          = 01-06-2021
'''

				
					'''
Purpose of Program
------------------
The main purpose of this Program is to Display first Five Odd Numbers on the Output Screen'''

try:
    # Initialize Integer Variable
    number = 0
    # Processing + Output
    while number < 10:
        number += 1
        if number % 2 == 0:
            continue
        print(number)
except:
    print("Exception Occured")

Execution of Code – Dry Run
Python Statement		Processing	Memory	Output Screen
Initialization
number = 0		Initialize Variable number with value = 0	number = 0	–
while number < 10: number += 1 if number % 2 == 0: continue print(number) Note: In Sha Allah, In the Remaining Table we will show Iterations of the above for Loop (Code)
Condition – Loop
Iteration 01 – While Loop	Condition while number < 10 0 < 10 True Condition is True, So Execute Body of Loop		number = 0	–
	Body of While Loop
	number += 1 number = 0 + 1		number = 1	–
	Condition – If Statement
	Condition if number % 2 == 0 1 % 2 == 0 False Condition is False, Skip the Body of if Statement		number = 1	–
	print(number)		number = 1	1-
Iteration 02 – While Loop	Condition – Loop
	Condition while number < 10 1 < 10 True Condition is True, So Execute Body of Loop		number = 1	1-
	Body of While Loop
	number += 1 number = 1 + 1		number = 2	1-
	Condition – If Statement
	Condition if number % 2 == 0 2 % 2 == 0 True Condition is True, Execute the Body of if Statement		number = 2	1-
	Body of If Condition
	Continue		number = 2	1-
Iteration 03 – While Loop	Condition – Loop
	Condition while number < 10 2 < 10 True Condition is True, So Execute Body of Loop		number = 2	1-
	Body of While Loop
	number += 1 number = 2 + 1		number = 3	1-
	Condition – If Statement
	Condition if number % 2 == 0 3 % 2 == 0 False Condition is False, Skip the Body of if Statement		number = 3	1-
	print(number)		number = 3	1 3-
Iteration 04 – While Loop	Condition – Loop
	Condition while number < 10 3 < 10 True Condition is True, So Execute Body of Loop		number = 3	1 3-
	Body of While Loop
		number += 1 number = 3 + 1	number = 4	1 3-
	Condition – If Statement
	Condition if number % 2 == 0 4 % 2 == 0 True Condition is True, Execute the Body of if Statement		number = 4	1 3-
	Body of If Condition
	Continue		number = 4	1 3-
Iteration 05 – While Loop	Condition – Loop
	Condition while number < 10 4 < 10 True Condition is True, So Execute Body of Loop		number = 4	1 3-
	Body of While Loop
	number += 1 number = 4 + 1		number = 5	1 3-
	Condition – If Statement
	Condition if number % 2 == 0 5 % 2 == 0 False Condition is False, Skip the Body of if Statement		number = 5	1 3-
	print(number)		number = 5	1 3 5-
Iteration 06 – While Loop	Condition – Loop
	Condition while number < 10 5 < 10 True Condition is True, So Execute Body of Loop		number = 5	1 3 5-
	Body of While Loop
	number += 1 number = 5 + 1		number = 6	1 3 5-
	Condition – If Statement
	Condition if number % 2 == 0 6 % 2 == 0 True Condition is True, Execute the Body of if Statement			1 3 5-
	Body of If Condition
	Continue		number = 6	1 3 5-
Iteration 07 – While Loop	Condition – Loop
	Condition while number < 10 6 < 10 True Condition is True, So Execute Body of Loop		number = 6	1 3 5-
	Body of While Loop
	number += 1 number = 6 + 1		number = 7	1 3 5-
	Condition – If Statement
	Condition if number % 2 == 0 7 % 2 == 0 False Condition is False, Skip the Body of if Statement		number = 7	1 3 5-
	print(number)		number = 7	1 3 5 7-
Iteration 08 – While Loop	Condition – Loop
	Condition while number < 10 7 < 10 True Condition is True, So Execute Body of Loop		number = 7	1 3 5 7-
	Body of While Loop
	number += 1 number = 7 + 1		number = 8	1 3 5 7-
	Condition – If Statement
	Condition if number % 2 == 0 8 % 2 == 0 True Condition is True, Execute the Body of if Statement		number = 8	1 3 5 7-
	Body of If Condition
	Continue		number = 8	1 3 5 7-
Iteration 09 – While Loop	Condition – Loop
	Condition while number < 10 8 < 10 True Condition is True, So Execute Body of Loop		number = 8	1 3 5 7-
	Body of While Loop
	number += 1 number = 8 + 1		number = 9	1 3 5 7-
	Condition – If Statement
	Condition if number % 2 == 0 9 % 2 == 0 False Condition is False, Skip the Body of if Statement			1 3 5 7-
	print(number)		number = 9	1 3 5 7 9-
Iteration 10 – While Loop	Condition – Loop
	Condition while number < 10 9 < 10 True Condition is True, So Execute Body of Loop		number = 9	1 3 5 7 9-
	Body of While Loop
	number += 1 number = 9 + 1		number = 10	1 3 5 7 9-
	Condition – If Statement
	Condition if number % 2 == 0 10 % 2 == 0 True Condition is True, Execute the Body of if Statement		number = 10	1 3 5 7 9-
	Body of If Condition
	Continue		number = 10	1 3 5 7 9-
Iteration 11 – While Loop	Condition – Loop
	Condition while number < 10 10 < 10 False Condition is False, Loop will Terminate			1 3 5 7 9
Program Termination: All the Python Statements in the Program are executed. Therefore, Program will Terminate 😊

Step 07: Implementation

TODO and Your Turn

Todo Tasks

Your Turn Tasks

Todo Tasks

Your Turn Tasks

Break Statement in Python

Definition
- The break statement causes an immediate exit from a loop. Because the code that follows it in the loop is not executed if the break is reached, you can also sometimes avoid nesting by including a break
Purpose
- To exit a loop immediately without running any remaining code in the loop, regardless of the results of any conditional test, use the break statement
  - The break statement directs the flow of your program; you can use it to control which lines of code are executed and which aren’t, so the program only executes code that you want it to, when you want it to
Importance
- The break statement is used to terminate the loop or statement in which it is present. After that, the control will pass to the statements that are present after the break statement
  - If the break statement is present in the nested loop, then it terminates only those loops which contains break statement
Suitable to Use
- The break control statement will stop execution of the loop and break out of it, jumping to the next statement after and outside the loop.
- We use the break keyword anywhere we need inside the code block

Plan and Design Solution to the Repetitive Programming Task

Identify Input-Processing-Output

Input
- Data
  - Name and Age
- Instruction(s)
  - Display Name and Age on the Output Screen
Output

Enter name: Samavi

Enter age: 24

Assalam-o-Alaikum Samavi => 24

Enter name: Ayesha

Enter age: 26

Assalam-o-Alaikum Ayesha => 26

Enter name: Mariam

Enter age: 25

Assalam-o-Alaikum Mariam => 25

Enter name: stop

Processing
- Use a Repetition Structure (In Sha Allah, we will use the While Loop)

Write Down the Algorithm for the Proposed Solution (i.e., Software) to Solve the Repetitive Programming Task

WHILE true

INPUT – name

if name is equal to ‘stop’:

BREAK

INPUT – age

PRINT – name and age

EndWhile

Use Algorithm Description (Step 6.2) to Write Pseudo Code for Software to be Developed

Step 01: START
Step 02: WHILE true:
- Step 2.1: name = input(‘Enter name: ‘)
- Step 2.2: if name == ‘stop’:
  - Step 2.2.1: BREAK
Step 03: age = input(‘Enter age: ‘)
Step 04: print(‘Assalam-o-Alaikum’, name, ‘=>’, age)
ENDWHILE
Step 05: STOP

Design and Draw Flow Chart(s) for Software to be Developed (based on Step 6.3)

Suitable Programming Environment to Write Software (Code)

				
					'''
Program Details
__author_                 = Ms. Samavi Suleman
__copyright__             = Copyright (C) 2020 Ms. Samavi Suleman
__license__               = Public Domain
__program__name__         = Display Name and Age
__program__version__      = 1.1
__programing__language__  = python 3.8.3
__operating__system__     = Ubuntu 18.04.1 LTS 64 bit 
                            Operating System
__IDE __                  = jupyter__notebook 5.5.0
___Start__Date__          = 18-05-2021
____End__Date___          = 01-06-2021
'''

				
					'''
Purpose of Program
------------------
The main purpose of this Program is to Display Name and Age on the Output Screen'''

try:
    # Processing + Output
    while True:
        name = input('Enter name: ')
        if name == 'stop': break
        age = int(input('Enter age: '))
        print('Assalam-o-Alaikum', name, '=>', age)
except ValueError:
    print("Please Enter Integer Value")

Execution of Code – Dry Run
while True: name = input(‘Enter name: ‘) if name == ‘stop’: break age = input(‘Enter age: ‘) print(‘Assalam-o-Alaikum’, name, ‘=>’, age) Note: In Sha Allah, In the Remaining Table we will show Iterations of the above for Loop (Code)
Python Statement	Processing	Memory	Output Screen
Condition – Loop
Iteration 01 – While Loop	Condition while True True Condition is True, So Execute Body of Loop	–	–
	Body of While Loop
	name = input(‘Enter name: ‘)	name = Samavi	Enter name: Samavi
	Condition – If Statement
	Condition if name == ‘stop’ Samavi == ‘stop’ False Condition is False, Skip the Body of if Statement	name = Samavi	Enter name: Samavi
	age = input(‘Enter age: ‘)	name = Samavi age = 24	Enter name: Samavi Enter age: 24
	print(‘Assalam-o-Alaikum’, name, ‘=>’, age)	name = Samavi age = 24	Enter name: Samavi Enter age: 24 Assalam-o-Alaikum Samavi => 24
Iteration 02 – While Loop	Condition – Loop
	Condition while True True Condition is True, So Execute Body of Loop	name = Samavi age = 24	Enter name: Samavi Enter age: 24 Assalam-o-Alaikum Samavi => 24
	Body of While Loop
	name = input(‘Enter name: ‘)	name = Ayesha age = 24	Enter name: Samavi Enter age: 24 Assalam-o-Alaikum Samavi => 24 Enter name: Ayesha
	Condition – If Statement
	Condition if name == ‘stop’ Ayesha == ‘stop’ False Condition is False, Skip the Body of if Statement	name = Ayesha age = 24	Enter name: Samavi Enter age: 24 Assalam-o-Alaikum Samavi => 24 Enter name: Ayesha
	age = input(‘Enter age: ‘)	name = Ayesha age = 26	Enter name: Samavi Enter age: 24 Assalam-o-Alaikum Samavi => 24 Enter name: Ayesha Enter age: 26
	print(‘Assalam-o-Alaikum’, name, ‘=>’, age)	name = Ayesha age = 26	Enter name: Samavi Enter age: 24 Assalam-o-Alaikum Samavi => 24 Enter name: Ayesha Enter age: 26 Assalam-o-Alaikum Ayesha => 26
Iteration 03 – While Loop	Condition – Loop
	Condition while True True Condition is True, So Execute Body of Loop	name = Ayesha age = 26	Enter name: Samavi Enter age: 24 Assalam-o-Alaikum Samavi => 24 Enter name: Ayesha Enter age: 26 Assalam-o-Alaikum Ayesha => 26
	Body of While Loop
	name = input(‘Enter name: ‘)	name = Mariam age = 26	Enter name: Samavi Enter age: 24 Assalam-o-Alaikum Samavi => 24 Enter name: Ayesha Enter age: 26 Assalam-o-Alaikum Ayesha => 26 Enter name: Mariam
	Condition – If Statement
	Condition if name == ‘stop’ Mariam == ‘stop’ False Condition is False, Skip the Body of if Statement	name = Mariam age = 26	Enter name: Samavi Enter age: 24 Assalam-o-Alaikum Samavi => 24 Enter name: Ayesha Enter age: 26 Assalam-o-Alaikum Ayesha => 26 Enter name: Mariam
	age = input(‘Enter age: ‘)	name = Mariam age = 25	Enter name: Samavi Enter age: 24 Assalam-o-Alaikum Samavi => 24 Enter name: Ayesha Enter age: 26 Assalam-o-Alaikum Ayesha => 26 Enter name: Mariam Enter age: 25
	print(‘Assalam-o-Alaikum’, name, ‘=>’, age)	name = Mariam age = 25	Enter name: Samavi Enter age: 24 Assalam-o-Alaikum Samavi => 24 Enter name: Ayesha Enter age: 26 Assalam-o-Alaikum Ayesha => 26 Enter name: Mariam Enter age: 25 Assalam-o-Alaikum Mariam => 25
Iteration 04 – While Loop	Condition – Loop
	Condition while True True Condition is True, So Execute Body of Loop	name = Mariam age = 25	Enter name: Samavi Enter age: 24 Assalam-o-Alaikum Samavi => 24 Enter name: Ayesha Enter age: 26 Assalam-o-Alaikum Ayesha => 26 Enter name: Mariam Enter age: 25 Assalam-o-Alaikum Mariam => 25
	Body of While Loop
	name = input(‘Enter name: ‘)	name = stop age = 25	Enter name: Samavi Enter age: 24 Assalam-o-Alaikum Samavi => 24 Enter name: Ayesha Enter age: 26 Assalam-o-Alaikum Ayesha => 26 Enter name: Mariam Enter age: 25 Assalam-o-Alaikum Mariam => 25 Enter name: stop
	Condition – If Statement
	Condition if name == ‘stop’ Mariam == ‘stop’ True Condition is True, Execute Body of If Statement	name = Mariam age = 25	Enter name: Samavi Enter age: 24 Assalam-o-Alaikum Samavi => 24 Enter name: Ayesha Enter age: 26 Assalam-o-Alaikum Ayesha => 26 Enter name: Mariam Enter age: 25 Assalam-o-Alaikum Mariam => 25 Enter name: stop
	Body of If Condition
	Break Break statement will Terminate the Loop		Enter name: Samavi Enter age: 24 Assalam-o-Alaikum Samavi => 24 Enter name: Ayesha Enter age: 26 Assalam-o-Alaikum Ayesha => 26 Enter name: Mariam Enter age: 25 Assalam-o-Alaikum Mariam => 25 Enter name: stop
Program Termination: All the Python Statements in the Program are executed. Therefore, Program will Terminate 😊

TODO and Your Turn

Todo Tasks

Your Turn Tasks

Todo Tasks

Your Turn Tasks

Chapter Summary

In this Chapter, I presented the following main concepts:

In this Chapter, I presented the following main concepts:

Continue Statement
- Definition
  - The continue statement causes an immediate jump to the top of a loop. It also sometimes lets you avoid statement nesting
- Purpose
  - The main purpose of Continue is also a loop control statement
    - it forces to execute the next iteration of the loop
Break Statement
- Definition
  - The break statement causes an immediate exit from a loop. Because the code that follows it in the loop is not executed if the break is reached, you can also sometimes avoid nesting by including a break
- Purpose
  - To exit a loop immediately without running any remaining code in the loop, regardless of the results of any conditional test, use the break statement
  - The break statement directs the flow of your program; you can use it to control which lines of code are executed and which aren’t, so the program only executes code that you want it to, when you want it to

Ilm o Irfan

Introduction to Python

Table of Contents

Chapter 23 - Break and Continue Statements

Quick Recap

Continue Statement in Python

Plan and Design Solution to the Repetitive Programming Task

Identify Input-Processing-Output

Write Down the Algorithm for the Proposed Solution (i.e., Software) to Solve the Repetitive Programming Task

Use Algorithm Description (Step 6.2) to Write Pseudo Code for Software to be Developed

Design and Draw Flow Chart(s) for Software to be Developed (based on Step 6.3)

Suitable Programming Environment to Write Software (Code)

Execution of Code – Dry Run

Python Statement

Processing

Memory

Output Screen

Initialization

Condition – Loop

Step 07: Implementation

TODO and Your Turn

Break Statement in Python

Plan and Design Solution to the Repetitive Programming Task

Identify Input-Processing-Output

Write Down the Algorithm for the Proposed Solution (i.e., Software) to Solve the Repetitive Programming Task

Use Algorithm Description (Step 6.2) to Write Pseudo Code for Software to be Developed

Design and Draw Flow Chart(s) for Software to be Developed (based on Step 6.3)

Suitable Programming Environment to Write Software (Code)

Execution of Code – Dry Run

Python Statement

Processing

Memory

Output Screen

Condition – Loop

TODO and Your Turn

Chapter Summary

In Next Chapter

Chapter 22 - for Repetition Structure

Chapter 24 - Functions

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